The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non

As per W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998), program assessment is the â€Å"efficiency, viability, and responsibility of an office, program or agency.†It applies â€Å"systematic measures and examinations to give the result of the program to administrators who thusly utilize the outcomes in settling on choices for the program† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation 1998).Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More A result is generally a depiction of â€Å"short or long haul impacts, including those that were not gotten ready for yet happened because of the program’s outputs†(United Way of America, 1998).The fundamental procedure of program assessment includes result assessment as talked about beneath. â€Å"Outcome Evaluation† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation,1998) According to W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998), there is no particular strategy o r approach can suit all projects in result assessment. Be that as it may, W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) prescribes that â€Å"it is imperative to begin with the general objectives and results of the program and afterward think of a method of estimating these outcomes.† The underlying advance is to distinguish results (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).This can be accomplished by making a group which may involve inward and outer partners to assist you with having a more extensive perspective on the results of your association (Herman Associates, 2005). The subsequent stage is to consider regions whereby change is prominent in the program. It could be change in customers, in the general public or even in the bigger frameworks (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).The results can be ordered into three gatherings: †initial results, halfway results and longer-term outcomes† (Herman Associates, 2005). One manner by which these results can be estimated is by will be by distingui shing markers. As indicated by Lanzerotti (2004), a pointer ought to be something that is noticeable, perceptible, substantial or something that can be checked and â€Å"every result ought to have at any rate one indicator†. Their fundamental object is as a rule to decide the degree to which a result has been figured it out. The markers can likewise be contrasted and targets and benchmarks. For this situation, targets are your normal accomplishments in type of numbers while benchmarks are information from a past program that one can use to contrast and a flow program.Advertising Looking for research paper on open organization? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Logic models can likewise be utilized to quantify results in program assessment. As indicated by W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) a rationale outline is a â€Å"diagram that explains the connections between the parts of your program design.† The rationale ch art is typically made out of â€Å"inputs, exercises, yields, introductory results, halfway results and long haul outcomes† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998). This chart would them be able to be contrasted and the program’s results. Quantitative and subjective methodologies can likewise be utilized in assessing the program results (United Way of America, 1998). As indicated by Lanzerotti (2004), quantitative strategy includes â€Å"experimentation and testing, an impression of changes presented by a program in numeric structure, meeting a huge gathering of individuals, and dissecting connections between guessed factors and the outcomes.† On the other hand, United Way of America (1998) takes note of that â€Å"qualitative assessment tries to clarify how a program capacities, the perspectives on the program implementers and the customers just as the degree to which the goals are met.† Some of the subjective estimates that can be applied incorporate â€Å"col lection of non-numeric, top to bottom portrayals of the program, figuring out a lot of information and taking into consideration top to bottom investigation of chose issues† (United Way of America, 1998). The other assessment strategy for results is â€Å"effectiveness and efficiency† (Lanzerotti, 2004).Effectiveness looks to analyze how well the program performed. As per Lanzerotti (2004), this can be accomplished by â€Å"identifying measures, benchmarks or rules against which progress or execution can be assessed.† On the other hand, â€Å"efficiency looks to see if the cost was commendable the result by deciding the yield to enter ratio† (United Way of America, 1998).Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the yield proportion is more noteworthy than the info proportion, at that point there was productivity yet o n the off chance that the information proportion is more prominent than the yield proportion, at that point there was absence of proficiency in the program (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).The issue of wastefulness can be fathomed by searching for approaches to limit costs. The last assessment strategy for results is by utilization of money saving advantage examination (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).although this technique is ordinarily applied in the benefit division, it can likewise be applied in the non-benefit area. One should decide the connection between the expenses and the advantages. As indicated by W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) the money saving advantage relationship is â€Å"the relationship of the expense of the program to the expense of accomplishing them.† â€Å"Politics of Goal Definition†(Hellriegell Slocum, 2007) Political conduct regularly happens in associations due to â€Å"different conclusions over objectives, various perspectives about the asso ciation and it’s impediments, diverse information about managing circumstances just as how to utilize assets that are scarce† (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007).These are the essential powers that bring about governmental issues of how objectives are characterized. Be that as it may, getting rid of these powers is beyond the realm of imagination on the grounds that there is no reason forever when all individuals will have comparative perspectives. Correspondingly, associations are continually endeavoring to utilize the scant assets in order to acquire the necessary objectives. Subsequently, political conduct must be shown as each person in the association endeavors to procure their favored outcomes (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007). In cases whereby such circumstances emerge, a director ought not utilize power to stop such conduct yet rather should work to see that such conduct doesn't affect the association in a negative manner (Herman Associates, 2005). As per Hellriegell Slocum (20 07) the political conduct among representatives can be invigorated by the activities of a chief. For example, as Hellriegell Slocum (2007) notes â€Å"in offices like bookkeeping, HR, and quality control, legitimate and data frameworks among others† employees’ execution is difficult to measure.Advertising Searching for research paper on open organization? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More In this manner, pioneers forms offer respect lacking assets as far as â€Å"pay, rewards, and benefits† (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007).Other pioneers will in general give the political conduct during the time spent evaluation a visually impaired eye and accept that it doesn't exist. Notwithstanding, legislative issues in evaluation is a reality that should not be possible away with and which can have a few effects. A portion of these effects as verified by Hellriegell Slocum (2007) incorporate â€Å"organizational objectives and execution are sabotaged; increment political conduct in other dynamic procedures and open the association to prosecution if workers are taking everything into account, program assessment includes a few stages. The initial step ought to be to recognize the results. From that point forward, different procedures follow. These different procedures include: distinguishing pointers, utilization of rationale model, utilization of quantitative and subjective tech niques, deciding viability and effectiveness just as deciding the money saving advantage investigation. Then again, political conduct is frequently shown in associations with regards to definition of objectives. It is significant for administrators to realize this can not be stayed away from however can be limited. One of the manners by which a director can limit political conduct is by guaranteeing that the objectives are clear and explicit. References Hellriegel, D. Slocum, J.W. (2007). Authoritative conduct. New York: Thomson Learning. Herman, R. D. Partners. (2005). The Jossey-Bass handbook of charitable initiative administration. second ed. San Francisco: John Wiley Sons. Lanzerotti, R. Lanzerott, L. (2004). Estimating Change to Make Change: The Fundraising Case for Program Evaluation. Grassroots Fundraising Journal, 23, 4-8. Joined Way of America. (1996). Estimating Program Outcomes: A Practical Approach. Alexandria: United Way of America. W. K. Kellogg Foundation. (1998).Ou tcomes Logic Model. Mexico: Kellogg Foundation This examination paper on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector was composed and presented by client Stephanie Harvey to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Media influences in sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media impacts in human science - Essay Example This is a social issue since media impacts the world discernment and needs of individuals. It is utilized to control and compose propensities and assessments of the general public through bogus qualities and convictions of the predominant social gathering. It controlled the social hardware controlling the feelings and propensities for center and low classes. It is regularly thought to be ordinary that an idle gathering, if it doesn't experience any obstruction or opposition and that it has adequate 'awareness' of the basic intrigue, will act 'normally' in propelling its inclinations. Dormant gatherings know about their inclinations, and such mindfulness leads 'typically' to aggregate activity expecting to propel the basic intrigue. The sole impediments which may forestall this aggregate activity are, from one viewpoint, a deferral in the presence of a consciousness of basic intrigue, and, then again, an opposition which gets from dissimilar or conflicting interests of different gathe rings (Schmidt 363). Rivalry between bunches whose interests are both genuine and in any event halfway in resistance is an essential methods for a grouping of intensity in present day social orders. To begin from the contention between a worth framework and a standard framework is to assume that one or other is reasonable when taken without anyone else. Media recreates the auxiliary segments of frameworks of communication (Schmidt 241). Promoting is one of the most impressive media devices which advance

Are You Opening a Bank Account with Bad Credit Heres What You Need to Know - OppLoans

Are You Opening a Bank Account with Bad Credit Heres What You Need to Know - OppLoans Are You Opening a Bank Account with Bad Credit? Heres What You Need to Know Are You Opening a Bank Account with Bad Credit? Heres What You Need to KnowWhile a bad credit score wont prevent you from opening a checking account, similar poor money habits with previous bank accounts could pose a problem.We’re not going to tell you that having a bank account is absolutely necessary. If you’re the type who prefers stuffing your money into mattresses and keeping most of your wealth in the form of precious metals buried in the backyard, all the more power to you.But for most people, maintaining a checking account is a financial cornerstone. Without a bank account to hold onto your money, you end up spending money at check cashing stores just to access your funds, and relying on cash payments or costly wire transfers just to pay your bills!If you have bad credit and need to open a checking account, you probably have a lot of questions. (That’s why we’re writing this blog post!). Bad credit can restrict your access to important financial products like personal loans and credit cards, but will it do the same for checking accounts? You can open a checking account with bad credit.Let’s start with the good news. Having a poor credit score will not prevent you from opening a bank account.Your credit score is taken from information on your credit reports, documents that track your history as a borrower, and are compiled by the three major credit bureaus: Experian TransUnion and Equifax. The most common type of credit score is the FICO score, which is scored on a scale of 300 to 850. The higher your score, the better your credit.Your FICO score is, indeed, used by traditional lending institutions like banks and other personal lenders to determine whether or not to lend to you, but it isnt used when you apply for a checking or savings account.With a lousy score, you’ll be stuck borrowing no credit check loans (like payday loans and cash advances). But you’ll still be able to open a checking account … probably.Bad credit behavior could hu rt your ChexSystems score.Okay, here’s the bad news. While banks don’t use credit scores with checking account applications, they do use something very similar, oftentimes from ChexSystems, one of several national consumer reporting  agencies that track  your banking history. Banks use them (or one of their competitors like Telecheck or Early Warning System) for checking account applications just like they use FICO scores and credit reports for loans and credit cards.Not only does Chexsystems produce a Consumer Disclosure Report, they even produce a Chexsystems Consumer Score that’s graded on a scale from 100 to 899. If your score is too low, your application for a checking account will be denied. The bank will look at your banking history and decide that you simply pose too great a risk!And what kind of behavior is considered “bad” when it comes to banking? Well, it’s stuff like bank overdrafts, bouncing checks, and racking up bank fees and then not paying them. Behavio r like this points to a customer who is not using their bank account in a responsible manner.Luckily, a bad Chexsystems Consumer Score is not permanent. Information remains on your Consumer Disclosure Report for five years before dropping off entirely. Five years of good banking behavior (or at least no bad behavior) and you’ll be all set.But what if you don’t want to wait five years to open a checking account?Open a second chance checking account.Folks with a bad credit score are still able to take out a loan. Sure, it might come with a much higher interest rate andâ€"in the case of a payday loan, cash advance, or title loanâ€"trap them in a dangerous cycle of debt, but it’s still a loan that they can get approved for.Similarly, people with a bad ChexSystems Consumer Score can still apply for a checking account. Many banks offer “second chance” checking accounts that give people with lousy banking history the chance to make good. You should also check out your local credi t union, as many of them offer second chance checking as well.But just like those higher interest rates for bad credit loans, second chance checking accounts come with more fees and restrictions than traditional bank accounts, and they also offer far fewer perks.In order to get a second chance checking account, you will almost certainly have to pay a monthly maintenance fee. And the account might also come with additional requirements like maintaining a minimum balance or having direct deposit. Plus, you still might not get a debit card with the account or be able to use it for online bill pay.But here’s the best reason by far to use a second chance checking account: Many of them come with graduation plans. That means that using the account responsibly for one to two years will get you upgraded to a regular checking account ahead of schedule. That’s fantastic!Take care of your Chexsystems Consumer Score.Even if you can graduate to a regular checking account by starting with a se cond chance account, you should still take care of your ChexSystems Consumer Score. In fact, you should treat it the same way that you treat your regular credit score.First things first: order a free copy of your Consumer Disclosure Report. (By law they have to provide you with one free copy every year upon request.) You can request a copy on ChexSystems’  website or you can contact them by phone at (800) 428-9623.Next, read over your report so that you can get a clear idea of where you went wrong. If you have any unpaid fees or charges, pay them! If you can’t pay all of what you owe, try negotiating for a lower amount. And make sure that the financial institution in question updates their records with Chexsystems once the charge is paid off!Lastly, make sure to check for errors. If you find one, contact Chexsystems to have it corrected. After you’ve gathered the proper documentation, go to the  Dispute section of Chexsystems’ website for more information. They should send y ou a resolution within 30 days. You can also dispute the info directly with your (likely former) financial institution and have them update ChexSystems.Bad credit means living in a world with strict financial limits. And while it’s a great thing that checking accounts still lie within those limits, never forget the following: The kinds of poor money habits that cause bad credit are the same kinds of habits that can cost you a checking account.To learn more about living life with bad credit, check out these related posts from OppLoans:Can You Have Bad Credit Even With a Good Income?No Credit Card? Here Are 6 Ways You Can Still Fix Your Credit ScoreHow Bad Credit Can Affect Your UtilitiesIt’s True: Bad Credit Can Mean Paying More for Car InsuranceWhat other questions do you have about bad credit? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN

Student Debt Is A Large ( And Growing ) Problem - 1811 Words

Student debt has become a large (and growing) problem. The high levels of student debt have served to perpetuate economic inequality, minimizing the opportunity of higher education. In a speech this year, President Obama called higher education one of the crown jewels of this country and said it was the single most important way to get ahead.† The long term impact of student loans have given students every reason not to want to attend college, including myself. That alone has the potential to harm colleges and universities across the country. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau said student debt is one reason that people between the ages of twenty and thirty seem to be living a prolonged adolescence, or living with their parents.†¦show more content†¦Marco Rubio has committed to tackling college affordability. He is supportive of repayment plans based on percentage of income between students and private investment firms. As president, Rubio will simplify existing incentives to help students pursue higher education and modernize the system to fit twenty-first century economy. â€Å"Our current higher education system is outdated and fundamentally broken. It is too expensive, too time consuming, and too difficult to access,† Marco said. â€Å"To make the 21st century an American century, we must bring higher education within reach of all.† Another candidate with a strong record of advocacy for college affordability is Bernie Sanders, my personal favorite. Bernie has called for tuition-free courses for freshman and sophomores at public universities. He recently developed a plan to provide $18 billion per year in federal grants. â€Å"We must fundamentally restructure our student loan program,† Bernie stated. Sanders’ main concern is with how the American government will be able to afford increased funding for higher education. â€Å"We need a revolution in the way higher education is funded,† Senator Sanders s aid recently during a speech. When asked about his solution to the student loan crisis in an interview, Ben Carson reiterated his belief in the importance of work by saying, â€Å"Many people getShow MoreRelatedThe Cost Of Obtaining A Higher Education1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe approximate amount of people in the United States that owe a collective total of $1.2 trillion in student loan debt (Dynarski par. 1). They are only gigantic numbers on paper, but in real life, their meaning is life changing. People are struggling in ways that those viewing the numbers can barely fathom, and the effects are alarming. The cost of obtaining a higher education is showing problems for the people, the economy, and the future of America. Jeff Rausch finds the statistic alarming- $1Read MoreStudent Loan Debt And Its Effect On Our Economy1431 Words   |  6 Pagesyears student loans has increasingly began to affect our economy and is a large and growing issue. Mounting student loan debt is ricocheting through the United States, now affecting institutions and economic patterns that have been at the core of America s very might (Holland 2015). General economic principles are affected by the constantly growing student loan debt in the economy. Macroeconomic indices are identified and defined with their roles in student debt growth and affect in students’ livesRead MoreIs College Worth The Cost?1296 Words   |  6 Pagesgreatest colleges and universities in the world. But with an overwhelming 1.3 million students graduating with an average student loan debt of $29,000 each and with youth unemployment elevated, the question of whether or not college tuition is worth the money arises (The Institute for College Acc ess Success, 2013). Higher education faces intimidating challenges: continually rising costs, access and completion problems, constant changing of technology, and responsibility pressures from state and federalRead MoreWhat Is Facing The Class Of 2016?1394 Words   |  6 Pagescartoon contains of a green monster with long sharp teeth opening its mouth wide with a â€Å"welcome graduates† mat on its tongue. The monsters mouth is just a large black hole and in the middle of the mouth the words â€Å"student debt† is written in white. Student debt has been an extensive problem recently because many people are grasping how much debt they can acquire from trying to get a good education to start a good career and be financially stable. A recent controversy has shadowed the new SecretaryRead MoreWill Free Colleges Solve The Student Debt Crisis?1479 Words   |  6 PagesColleges solve the Student Debt Crisis? Every American student has a dream to go to college and to be debt-free. Due to the upcoming presidential elections, candidate Senator Bernie Sanders wants to introduce a bill that would cover the tuition costs for students who attend two and four-year institution. This question makes many Americans wonder, will free public colleges solve the student debt crisis. Although free tuition would help stop the fast-paced growth of the Student Debt Crisis, it is probablyRead MoreStudent Debt Is A Form Of Debt1576 Words   |  7 PagesStudent debt is a form of debt that owed by an attending, withdrawn, or graduated student to a lending institution. The lending is often of a student loan, but debts will be owed to the school if the student has dropped classes and withdrawn from the school. Withdrawing from a school, especially if a low or no-income student has withdrawn with a failing grade could deprive the student of the ability of further attendance by disqualifying the student of necess ary financial aid. Student loans alsoRead MoreThe Cultural And Global Impact Of College Tuition And Student Loan Debt1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cultural and Global Impact of College Tuition and Student Loan Debt Introduction College debt is quickly rising as more students pursue a postsecondary education. Tuition is growing at a rate higher than inflation, thus forcing many students to make up the gap between income and tuition through loans (Houle). However, cultural factors must be considered before a young adult makes a decision about higher education. The type of postsecondary education one pursues, if any, is determined by manyRead MoreHigh School Vs. The Federal Government1327 Words   |  6 PagesAs a boy growing up my parents insisted that I would be attending college after I graduate high school. Aging through the years, the common perspective was to attend college unlike the viewpoint from the 80’s and earlier where not as many high school graduates attended college. This standard view for many families, like my own, is to put their son or daughter into college so that they may graduate with a degree and seek a career in the tough world as of late. In order to make this goal happen, man yRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1390 Words   |  6 Pagescan generate for schools, student-athletes should receive some amount of compensation in addition to any scholarships they have. In my essay, I will present the argument for and against paying college athletes on an economic level. I will also examine recent court cases involving the issue. Athletes being paid illegally on recent occasions will also be briefly discussed. With the rising cost of education, more and more college graduates finish school with large debts before they even have theirRead MoreStudent Loans And The American Dream1708 Words   |  7 PagesIs a College Degree the Key: An Analysis on Student Loans and the American Dream These days, going to college is hailed to be the solution, the key to making something of oneself in life. It is celebrated as a part of life that will make a person successful and rich later on. A degree is essential to making one’s way up the 21st century economy. College is meant to give people a chance at the American Dream – an education, a job, money, and quite possibly a spouse. But is that promise too good to

Short Story Indian Camp - 1114 Words

Jules Yurand Paredes IB English HL 1 Mrs. James 1B Summer Reading Assignment The two short stories, â€Å"Indian Camp† a short story by Ernest Hemmingway and â€Å"Two Words† another short story by Isabel Allende, are very similar but have a few differences. The two stories share theme with both main characters Belisa and Nick. However they are also different when it comes to the purpose of the story and its outcomes. The two short stories are similar in a coming of age sense yet the way the theme is delivered is different as the outcomes of the characters are. The short story â€Å"Two words† creates a romantic atmosphere that is introduced after relaying the hardships that Beliso went through. The colonel is mad in love after hearing the two words that were given to him from Beliso, â€Å"every time he thought of those two words, he thought of Belisa Crepusculario, and his senses were inflamed with the memory of her feral scent, her fiery heat, the whisper of her hair, and her sweetmint breath in his ear, unti l he began to go around like a sleepwalker†(Isabel Allende) the reader is pulled into worrying about the Colonel and reading on. The second story â€Å"Indian Camp† introduces in the first paragraph â€Å"She had been trying to have her baby for two days†(Ernest Hemingway), this is a situation that has been going for a very long time than usual and catches the readers interest. After reading the situation becomes less interesting until the story takes a turn â€Å"The Indian lay with his face towardShow MoreRelatedCultural and Racial Inequality in Hemingways Indian Camp562 Words   |  3 PagesCultural and Racial Inequality in Hemingways Indian Camp Hemingways Indian Camp concerns Nick Adams journey into the unknown to ultimately experience and witness the full cycle of birth and death. Although Nicks experience is a major theme in the story, cultural inequality also is an issue that adds to the the storys narrative range. Throughout this short story, there are many examples of racial domination between Nicks family and the Indians. Dr. Adams and Uncle Georges racist behaviorRead MoreLiterary Criticism On Hemingway s The Three Day Blow And Indian Camp 746 Words   |  3 Pagesdeath and other ideas. Ernest Hemingway is a well known American author that wrote â€Å"The Three Day Blow† and â€Å"Indian Camp†. Marxism, inspired by Karl Marx, is one lens that focuses on the social classes and the whom the work is benefiting. Another lens, the psychoanalytic len, is based on the subconscious’ craving inspired by Sigmund Freud. These lenses are both present in Hemingway’s short stories. Thus, the underly ing messages in Ernest Hemingway’s literature shows the meaning behind the subconsciousRead MoreIndian Camp634 Words   |  3 PagesIndian Camp With every single experience we go through we grow. We develop opinions based on what we witness through life, and we learn to see the world from different perspectives. What we learn in our upbringing is vital to how we act and think for the rest of our lives. In the short story â€Å"Indian Camp† from 1921, writer Ernest Hemmingway shows us, how one single experience can change a little boy’s perception of the world and make him grow. In the beginning of the story we are introduced toRead MoreThe Importance Of Books On The Government s Support Of Libraries Essay887 Words   |  4 Pages From an extremely young age children are told stories, either from their parents memory, or from storybooks. As they become older they start choosing their own books, they read different series on any topic. The importance of books is shown in the government’s support of libraries. Little children can get their own library cards and read as many books as they wish. These books and stories have an impact, the stories that are internalized can teach important lessons that have the abilityRead MoreFeminist Literary Criticism in Indian Camp By Ernest Hemingway1333 Words   |  6 PagesFeminist Literary Criticism in Indian Camp By Ernest Hemingway In the short story â€Å"Indian Camp†, by Ernest Hemingway, many controversies arise about the idea of feminism in the text. Feminism is a general term used to describe advocating women’s rights socially, politically, and making equal rights to those of men. Feminist criticism is looked through a â€Å"lens† along the line of gender roles in literature, the value of female characters within the text, and interpreting the perspective from whichRead MoreOppression Of Women Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesrepresented in a particular way? Texts: â€Å"Indian Camp†, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† and â€Å"The Killers† by Ernest Hemingway Introduction: Hemingway uses gender oppression towards women specifically in order to make the ideality of masculinity appear more pristine. He creates a society where men are superior to women by insulting and nullifying them even when the reader is aware of a female character’s presence. Key Ideas Lack of Information: In â€Å"Indian Camp†, Hemingway disregards the only female character’sRead MoreSymbolism And Other Points Of Literature Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature to create the short story, â€Å"Indian Camp.† We follow a young Nick Adams through his journey with his father to help a sick Indian woman give birth to a baby. Hemmingway’s techniques in narrating his stories are simple, yet obvious that the story is rich with secret meanings. I will address these aspects throughout this paper. Throughout the story, we see the notion of initiation. We see a young Nick Adams being initiated into adulthood. At the beginning of the story we see Nick and his fatherRead MoreEssay on Postcolonialism in Ernest Hemingways Indian Camp1745 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway attempts to describe the interactions of white Americans and Native Americans in his short story Indian Camp. By closely reading this short story using a Postcolonialist approach, a deeper understanding of the colonization and treatment of the Native Americans by the white Americans can be gained. Hemingway uses an almost allegorical story as he exposes the injustices inflicted by the white oppressors through his characters. Through his characters Hemingway expresses the traitsRead More Postcolonialism in Ernest Hemingways Indian Camp Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pages Ernest Hemingway attempts to describe the interactions of white Americans and Native Americans in his short story â€Å"Indian Camp.† B y closely reading this short story using a Postcolonialist approach, a deeper understanding of the colonization and treatment of the Native Americans by the white Americans can be gained. Hemingway uses an almost allegorical story as he exposes the injustices inflicted by the white oppressors through his characters. Through his characters Hemingway expresses the traitsRead MoreThe Different Meanings Of The Indian Camp By Ernest Hemingway Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesThe Story within the Story: The different meanings of The Indian Camp   While researching texts written about The Indian Camp by Ernest Hemingway. I found that readers all had different views on the events within the story. One of the major focus was on an suicide that took place. Although the reason for the even is not clear many chose to focus on why it   happened. This was not the main plot of the story but it   played a significant roll in people interpretations. The short story focuses on Nick

Point of View in Defender of the Faith and Hills Like...

Point of View in Defender of the Faith and Hills Like White Elephants In the short stories Defender of the Faith and Hills Like White Elephants, two very different points of view are used. In Defender of the Faith, the first person point of view is used. Hills Like White Elephants uses the objective point of view. The two different points of view give each story their own individual characteristics. One point of view is not necessarily better than the other. The two are equally effective because of how the author uses it in their respective story. Philip Roth portrays his short story, Defender of the Faith, through the eyes of Sergeant Nathan Marx. The story tells of the encounters between the Sergeant and Private†¦show more content†¦The view keeps a sort of suspense present in the story. Confusion is not an issue with the use of this point of view. The first person view obviously leaves out parts of the story but in no way makes for a confusing plot. Lack of details as to what Grossbart is planning keeps the story alive and excitin g. If an omniscient or objective view were used for this story it would seem unexciting and almost pointless. On the 2 other hand, if the first person were used from the view of Grossbart the story would have a different meaning and most likely make the Sergeant look like a bad person. First person is clearly the correct point of view for this story, and the author chose to use it through the Sergeant. Ernest Hemingway portrays the short story Hills Like White Elephants through the objective viewpoint. The reader is like a stander by who can clearly see all the action, but cannot decipher what the characters are thinking. Because of the viewpoint, the topic of conversation is left a mystery the entire story. Even at the conclusion the reader is still not absolutely sure of what the couple was speaking about. The point of view did make the story hard to understand. It caused some frustration to not know what this couple was debating about. If this story is only to be read and analyzed, the objective view works. However, if this story is for pure enjoyment an omniscient or first person view wou ld beShow MoreRelatedANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesexplicitly dramatized or presented in an early scene or chapter. Some conflicts, in fact, are never made explicit and must be inferred by the reader from what the characters do or say as the plot unfolds (as, for example, in Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†). Conflict, then, is the basic opposition, or tension, that sets the plot in motion; it engages the reader, builds the suspense or mystery of the work, and arouses expectation for the vents that are to follow. The plot of the traditionalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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James Joyces Dubliners Setting and Theme in Ara Essay Example For Students

James Joyces Dubliners Setting and Theme in Ara Essay by Joyce Dubliners Araby EssaysHow the Setting Reinforces the Theme and Characters in Araby The setting in Araby reinforces the theme and the characters by using imagery of light and darkness. The experiences of the boy in James Joyces Araby illustrate how people often expect more than ordinary reality can provide and then feel disillusioned and disappointed. The author uses dark and obscure references to make the boys reality of living in the gloomy town of Araby more vivid. He uses dark and gloomy references to create the mood or atmosphere, then changes to bright light references when discussing Mangans sister. The story expresses its theme through the setting, the characterization of the boy and his point of view as the narrator. Darkness is used throughout the story as the prevailing theme. James Joyces story begins at dusk and continues through the evening during the winter, in Araby Ireland. He chooses this gloomy setting to be the home of a young boy who is infatuated with his neighbors sister. The boy is young and naive and he leads a dull and boring life. Joyce uses darkness to make the boys reality more believable through more vivid, precise descriptions. Bright light is used to create a fairy tale world of dreams and illusions. James Joyce uses the bright light when describing Mangans sister, the boys infatuation. The protagonist is infatuated with his neighbors sister and he imagines that he will heroically bring her something back from the bazaar. Joyce refers to bright light when discussing Mangans sister in order to give her a heavenly presence. Light is used to create a joyful atmosphere. The ending of the story is filled with images of darkness and light. James Joyce uses the lights of the bazaar to illustrate the boys confrontation with reality. The bazaar lights are almost all off because the bazaar is almost closed. This is significant because the boy wants the bazaar to be bright and open, but it is dark and closed. This is when the boy finally realizes that life is not what he had dreamt it to be. He finds himself angry at life and disillusioned. James Joyce uses the setting to symbolize a key concept of the story. The dark disillusion the boy experiences is all part of growing up. The boy is no longer young and naive, he has grown up and become disillusioned with life. Araby shows how we all get ideas about how things will be and then feel disappointed with ourselves when things dont work out as expected.

Women Circumcision an Example by

Women Circumcision Women circumcision commonly known female genital mutilation may be defined as causing injury on the genitals of a female by removing partially or fully the genitals mostly for cultural, religious or traditional reasons. Research indicate that although most females are circumcised without their consent, some out of their own volition prefer to undergo the process for sexual reasons. It is estimated that at least 2 million female circumcision procedures are carried out every year with more than 130 million females undergoing the procedure. This practice is very rampant in Africa especially in the western region. Other countries where the practice is prevalent include Mali, Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan. Egypt has however put a law in place to prohibit the practice thus making it outlawed. Need essay sample on "Women Circumcision" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Female circumcision is also prevalent in the Middle East where it is practiced in secrecy unlike in Africa where it is conducted as an open ceremony. Female circumcision is practiced across the religious divide and is therefore not limited to one or specific religions only. The major belief especially in most African countries is that female circumcision ensures a woman has an honorable life with the husband and children. Advocates of female circumcision advance various arguments justifying the practice. Students Often Tell EssayLab support: Who wants to write paper for me? Our professionals advise: Writing Essay Papers Is Easier With Us Cheap Essay Help Custom Writing Pay Someone to do Your Assignment Pay For Essay Reviews They argue that a circumcised female is able to preserve her virginity until she gets married and that will therefore prevent immoral behavior thus curbing promiscuity among women. Promiscuity is said to reduce as the clitoris, which is the determining factor to sexual satisfaction is removed. It is also argued that a female who has undergone the procedure enhances her fertility and productivity as and that her matrimonial opportunities become higher. It is also argued that female circumcision ensures sexual satisfaction among the females and that their sexual performance is increased. Scientists and doctors are still very adamant about these social benefits brought forward stating that they are unreliable, as most of them have no scientific back up. In some communities the circumcision was done as a way of maintaining cleanliness and good health among women by removing the parts that produce secretions. N some West African countries, it is believed when a child is born, they poses b oth sexes and therefore circumcision during puberty is vital to make ones sex clear. The removal of the foreskin on a males penis makes a man fully male while the removal of the clitoris makes a woman fully female. Another major reason why female circumcision is done that some people believe that the clitoris is an unattractive and unhygienic organ that must be removed. Doctors in the past encouraged the practice as a way of curbing masturbation. The doctors also stated that cases of irritation, scratching and irritability at the genitals were reduced upon circumcision. These justifications were however ungrounded and have since declined. Though there is no scientific justification, it is claimed that that female circumcision is a cure to stress, hysteria, kleptomania and lack of sanity among women. In most African an communities where traditions and cultures still dictate peoples ways of living, female circumcision is used as way of test for preservation of virginity and is considered very vital for an honorable marriage. Female circumcision is regarded so highly such that a man who marries an uncircumcised woman is not only seen as an outcast, but is also banished and faces stigmatization from fellow men and the community at large. On the other hand, women who have undergone the procedure are accorded positions of power in the religion, political and cultural areas. However, human right activists and defenders of womens rights have firmly opposed the practice as it gives a general assumption that women cannot exercise self-control over their bodies thus the necessity to remove clitoris. It also limits the womens rights to enjoy the sexual activity with whomever they choose. Some communities even believe tat female circumcision enhances a womans looks making her look more beautiful and admirable. The argument is that since the foreskin in a male is removed for aeshetis reasons, so should the clitoris, which is considered the counterpart of penis. The males are also said to enjoy sexual activity if they engage themselves with circumcised women. However most of these arguments are unfounded, as they have no scientific or medical back and support. Female circumcision among the Muslims can be traced back during the life of Muhammad. It was only practiced by a small sect of Muslims, as majority believed that the practice was banned as it caused grievous bodily harm and damage to the bodies, minds and their general health. However the practice is considered religious among the sahih Muslims as it is supported by the hadith (349) where the prophet mention s that upon the meeting of the two circumcised parts then sex results. Muslim scholars however unanimously agree that circumcision is for men only. At one point it was stated by a Dean in Al-Azhar University that female circumcision is a crime and should not be associated with the Islamic religion. Religious leaders across the region have been at the forefront to oppose the practice as one that has no religious connection although some religious leaders prefer to handle it as more of a medical issue than religious. In the Jewish religion, female circumcision was completely outlawed and is in fact not given a mention in any text if religion. This was so because of the strong belief that a persons body does not belong them but is Gods and any modification done especially permanent amounts to destruction of Gods property. They however recognize male circumcision. In communities where female circumcision is practiced, it is mainly done between the ages 4 to 8 though it can even take place from infancy to puberty age. In some societies it is carried out during a womans first pregnancy. The most unfortunate thing I most cases is that those who carry out the circumcision procedure are non professionals with no medical back ground and therefore put the life of the woman at a very great risk. Banning the practice has greatly reduced the practice and especially to those who carry out the procedure without anesthetics which is very risky. It can result to shock because of the severe pain. This may then have long term effects like infertility. Other severe consequences of the procedure include infections of the urinary and the reproductive tracts. This results from blockage of urine and menstrual flow leading to infertility. Engaging in sex for the first time becomes severely painful as the labia majora has to be cut open to allow the male penetrate the vagina. The opening, which is done with a knife by, the husband who has no medical knowledge and background may lead to very serious complications. Research conducted back in 2006 by World Health Organization in some African countries including Sudan, Kenya, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Nigeria and Ghana highly discredit genital cutting of whichever kind terming it unsafe. It is also a fact that most women who have undergone the circumcision stand a risk of loosing their babies during delivery. Egypt in June 2007 outlawed and banned completely this practice when a 12-year-old girl died soon after going through the procedure. Studies indicate that what determines if a woman will achieve sexual satisfaction after going through the procedure is the state of mind at the time of the procedure. If she goes through the circumcision voluntarily she will still have sexual satisfaction but if she is forced and feels traumatized after the procedure orgasm frequency goes down. Although various laws have been put in place to stop this procedure many societies and cultural groups still engage in the practice. Recent studies indicate that women who have undergone the circumcision procedure always find it difficult to achieve optimum sexual satisfaction. Another major complication that a circumcised woman suffers is the loss of blood and in most cases the loss is usually excessive leading to other problems like anemia due to excessive blood loss. The worst complication if the situation goes out of hand is death, which apparently is usually the fate of most females who undergo the procedure. Female circumcision also creates a major avenue through which HIV can be transmitted. It is also interesting to note that this practice is quickly spreading in the west so that there female circumcision in the United States. This is as a result of migration where Africans settle in the US and continuer to practice their diversified cultures and traditions. The practice of female genital mutilation is considered as a way of violation of human rights as o it not only lowers a womans dignity but also reduces a womans self worth making her feel inferior and subordinate. It is viewed as a mens way of looking down on women. Many countries are quickly coming to the rescue and defense of their women and are quickly enacting laws to protect the rights of the women. A law that was recently passed states that it is a crime to carry out female genital mutilation on a female below the age of eighteen unless the procedure is of utmost necessity to protect the life of the female. The age is of importance because a female of eighteen years and above is considered legally capable of making sound decisions and if she goes through the procedure at that age it will only be through her consent as an adult. Violation of this law attracts a jail tem of not less than five years or a fine or both. However, an exception to this law again is if the practice is being carried out as a traditional or cultural rite. In the past, nobody seemed to take the issue of female genital mutilation seriously. Women suffered in silence, as there was nobody to listen to their grievances. This was specially so in Africa. However, governments of various countries and the international community at large have come out strongly in condemnation of the practice terming it outdated and barbaric. Despite protests by various humanitarian groups over the practice the female circumcision is still very prevalent in many countries allover the world. Objects used to carry out this procedure include kitchen knives, pieces of glass and old razor blades thereby posing a great danger to the womans health. In some case there is sewing up of the wound until only a small opening remains. This in itself is a very painful and traumatizing experience, which is unnecessarily subjected to women. Equally the continued practice of this barbaric procedure has raised the infant mortality rate. Statistics indi9cate that the number of children who have died below the age of five is very and at least 80% die from female circumcision related cases. Doctors have also given conformed reports that circu mcised women always have difficulties having birth in the normal way and in most cases have to result to caesarean which in most cases is normally unsuccessful and the woman just succumbs. Some communities, still holding to their culture and traditions have now stopped circumcising their women at home and they are instead taking them to medical professionals to carry out the procedure. However, World Health Organization together with other humanitarian organizations still believe that female circumcision is a torture of a kind to the woman despite of the fact that it is carried out by a professional and therefore are of the opinion that it should be abolished completely. In conclusion therefore, it is important to state clearly that female circumcision or female genital mutilation is a dangerous practice and that every measure ought to be taken to ensure that the practice is brought to an end and that this happens without further delay to ensure the safety of the female gender. Works Cited Arnfred Signe. Rethinking Sexualities In Africa. Nordic Africa Institute, 2004 Abusharaf Rogaia M. Female Circumcision. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006 Duncan Bettina S, Ylva Hernlund. Female Circumcision in Africa, Lynne Rienner Publishers 2002 Egbo Benedicta. Gender, Literacy and Life Chances in Sub-Saharan. Multilingual Matters, 2000 Hernlund Ylva, Bettina Duncan S. Transcultural Bodies. Rutgers University Press, 2007 Lieu Judith. Neither Jew nor Greek. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005 Nnaemeka Obioma. Female Circumcision and The Politics of Knowledge. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005 Packer Corinne A. Using Human Rights To Change Traditions. Intersentia NV, 2004

The Medias 5 Most Tired Asian American Stereotypes

The Medias 5 Most Tired Asian American Stereotypes Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial group in the United States, but in Hollywood, theyre often invisible or subject to old, tired stereotypes. Stereotypes in the media are especially harmful given that the Asian American community is woefully underrepresented on the large and small screen alike. â€Å"Only 3.8 percent of all television and theatrical roles were portrayed by Asian Pacific Islander actors in 2008, compared to 6.4 percent portrayed by Latino actors, 13.3 percent portrayed by African Americans and 72.5 percent portrayed by Caucasian actors,† according to the Screen Actors Guild. Because of this imbalance, Asian American actors have few opportunities to counteract sweeping generalizations about their racial group. In reality, Asian Americans are far more than the geeks and geishas Hollywood would have you believe. Dragon Ladies Since the days of early Hollywood, Asian American women have played â€Å"dragon ladies.† These female characters tend to be physically attractive but domineering and underhanded. Ultimately, they can’t be trusted. Chinese-American actress Anna May Wong played a series of these roles in the 1920s and contemporary actress Lucy Liu has more recently been accused of popularizing the stereotype. Wong temporarily left the United States to act in European films where she could escape being typecast as a dragon lady in Hollywood films. â€Å"I was so tired of the parts I had to play,† Wong explained in a 1933 interview quoted by the Los Angeles Times. â€Å"Why is it that the screen Chinese is nearly always the villain of the piece, and so cruel a villain- murderous, treacherous, a snake in the grass? We are not like that. †¦ We have our own virtues. We have our rigid code of behavior, of honor. Why do they never show these on the screen? Why should we always scheme, rob, kill?† Kung Fu Fighters When Bruce Lee became a superstar in the U.S. after the success of his 1973 film â€Å"Enter the Dragon,† the Asian American community largely took pride in his fame. In the film, Lee wasn’t portrayed as a buck-toothed imbecile, as Asian Americans had been portrayed in films such as â€Å"Breakfast at Tiffany’s.† Instead, he was strong and dignified. But before long, Hollywood began to portray all Asian Americans as martial arts experts. â€Å"So now the flipside of stereotyping is that every Asian American actor is expected to know some form of martial arts,† Tisa Chang, director of the Pan Asian Repertory Theatre in New York, told ABC News. â€Å"Any casting person will say, ‘Well, do you do some martial arts?’† Since Bruce Lee’s death, Asian performers such as Jackie Chan and Jet Li have become stars in the U.S. due to their martial arts backgrounds. Geeks Asian Americans are often portrayed as geeks and technical whizzes. Not only does this stereotype surface in television shows and films but also in commercials. The Washington Post has pointed out that Asian Americans are often portrayed as technologically savvy people in ads for corporations such as Verizon, Staples, and IBM. â€Å"When Asian Americans appear in advertising, they typically are presented as the technological experts- knowledgeable, savvy, perhaps mathematically adept or intellectually gifted,† the Post reported. â€Å"They’re most often shown in ads for business-oriented or technical products- smartphones, computers, pharmaceuticals, electronic gear of all kinds.† These commercials play on existing stereotypes about Asians being intellectually and technologically superior to Westerners. Foreigners Although people of Asian descent have lived in the United States since the 1800s, Asian Americans are often portrayed as perpetual foreigners. Like Latinos, Asians in television and film often speak accented English, suggesting that they’re recent immigrants to the country. These portrayals ignore that the United States is home to generation after generation of Asian Americans. They also set up Asian Americans to be stereotyped in real life. Asian Americans often complain about how often they get asked, â€Å"Where are you from- originally?† or complimented for speaking good English when they’ve spent their entire lives in the United States. Prostitutes Asian women have routinely been featured as prostitutes and sex workers in Hollywood. The line â€Å"Me love you long time,† spoken by a Vietnamese sex worker to U.S. soldiers in the 1987 film â€Å"Full Metal Jacket,† is arguably the most famous cinematic example of an Asian woman willing to sexually debase herself for white men. â€Å"There we have the promiscuous API woman stereotype: The one in which the Asian woman wants to have sex, willing to do anything, with the white man,† wrote Tony Le in Pacific Ties magazine. â€Å"The stereotype has taken many forms, from Lotus Blossom to Miss Saigon.† Le said that 25 years of â€Å"me love you long time† jokes endure. According to the TV Tropes website, the Asian prostitute stereotype dates back to the 1960s and ’70s, when U.S. military involvement in Asia heightened. In addition to â€Å"Full Metal Jacket,† films such as â€Å"The World of Suzie Wong† notoriously featured an Asian prostitute whose love for a white man is unrequited. â€Å"Law Order: SVU† also routinely depicts Asian women as prostitutes and mail-order brides.

Mastring Management 4330 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mastring Management 4330 - Essay Example Chet fails to do advance daily planning, leading to reliance on memory. This wastes time in relation to trying to remember each and every single detail that fits in the daily schedule of discharging managerial duties. Only one accomplishment list should be made for effective and efficient time management (Watson and Idinopulos 126). However, this is not observed in the case. Another violated time management principle in the case is the failure to prioritize tasks. Chet wants to address all issues that are brought to his attention. He even tries to address issues that he cannot resolve. Other violated principles include the principles of setting deadlines, reserving personal time when on is not accessible, and listing long term objectives (Watson and Idinopulos 127). Chet’s level of stress can be attributed to organizational problems in his place of work. Managers need to maintain constant communication and functional relations among themselves. However, plan managers in the case operate as single entities and do not have time for each other. Constant communication and discussions regarding organizational operations and performance are essential in ensuring managerial coherence. Since this aspect is lacking in the organization, Chet’s stress levels build up. The organization is made up of a number of firms. Chet is required to work across these firms from time to time. Transfers between firms leaves Chet stressed, especially due to the fact that shelving of ideas occurs in the process of transferring Chet between firms (Watson and Idinopulos 152). The structure of the organization does not account for Chet’s absence in any given firm. Personal productivity in the workplace is highly influenced by individual personality and character. Chet’s personality significantly influences his performance in the workplace, and subsequently exacerbates his stress level. Chet is ignorant of external elements that do not relate to

2nd Degree Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

2nd Degree Murder - Essay Example Some individuals are overly sensitive to some conditions that would be generally harmless to other people. In such a situation, it is easy to deliver justice since accidental cases would be remedied accordingly under the other homicide classifications. In New Jersey, the 62nd State’s General Assembly of 1837 deliberated and passed among other important resolutions that the State would need to be governed, the punishment of death. In the homicide intricacies that the General Assembly had to deal with, as observed above was to distinguish the various classes or degrees of homicide. Three general classifications were found to be definitive of the challenge earlier highlighted of the actual case parameters such as the intent of causing death and general threat to the entire population. Legislation effected later had a considerable reliance on the resolution passed in the General Assembly sitting of 1838. Alternatively, comparisons were made to consolidate the postulates of the American law with the prevalent common law practices. Contained in this discussion is the legislation in New Jersey and the common law position of homicide category of second degree of murder. In light of the elements of the two sets of law and usages, th e changes that have occurred in the circles of legal practice regarding homicide cases of the specified nature are also discussed. According to Lanning and Vroom (2005), general statutes of the State of New Jersey provide that there shall be two degrees of murder distinguished by the intention of the perpetrator at the time of occurrence of the death. The authors provide the Supplement 271 among other General Statutes of the State of New Jersey which provides for the first degree of murder to constitute such death caused by actions of an individual who commits the crime willfully, deliberately and in a premeditated account. The Supplement 271 continues to state that the other forms of murder fall under the second degree of

Gestalt Learning Theory Essay Example for Free

Gestalt Learning Theory Essay Doing my research on learning and instruction in complex simulation-based learning environments, I experienced a large difference in how learners reacted to my learning material (Kluge, in press, 2004). Complex technical simulations involve the placement of the learner into a realistic computer simulated situation or technical scenario which puts control back into the learner’s hands. The contextual content of simulations allows the learner to â€Å"learn by doing. † Although my primary purpose was in improving research methods and testing procedures for evaluating learning results of simulation-based learning, the different reaction of our participants were so obvious that we took a closer look. I had two different groups participating in my learning experiments: students from an engineering department at the University, mostly in their 3rd semester, and apprentices from vocational training programs in mechanics and electronics of several companies near the University area in their 3rd year of vocational training. Most of the students worked very intensively and concentrated on solving these complex simulation tasks whereas apprentices became easily frustrated and bored. Although my first research purpose was not in investigating the differences between these groups, colleagues and practitioners showed their interest and encouraged me to look especially at that difference. Practitioners especially hoped to find explanations why apprentices sometimes are less enthusiastic about simulation learning although it is said to be motivating for their perception. Therefore, in this dissertation I address the difference in the effectiveness of using simulation intervention program based on a Gestalt learning theory. Moreover, to find out if the program improves either or both the quality and speed of the learning process of students enrolled in a highly technical training program. This dissertation focuses on using simulation based learning environments in vocational training program. In this chapter, the experimental methodology and instruments are described, results presented and finally discussed. As mentioned above, my primary purpose when I started to investigate learning and simulation based on Gestalt learning theory was focused on improving the research methodology and test material (see Kluge, in press, 2004) for experimenting with simulation-based learning environments. But observing the subjects’ reactions to the learning and testing material the question arose whether there might be a difference in the quality of and speed of the learning process of students involved in my study. Research Design: A 3-factor 2 ? 2 ? 2 factorial control-group-design was performed (factor 1: â€Å"Simulation complexity†: ColorSim 5 vs ColorSim 7; factor 2: â€Å"support method†: GES vs. DI-GES; factor 3: target group, see Table 2). Two hundred and fifteen mostly male students (16% female) in eight groups (separated into four experimental and four control groups) participated in the main study. The control group served as a treatment check for the learning phase and to demonstrate whether subjects acquired any knowledge within the learning-phase. While the experimental groups filled in the knowledge test at the end of the experiment (after the learning and the transfer tasks), the control groups filled in the knowledge test directly after the learning phase. I did not want to give the knowledge test to the experimental group after the learning phase because of its sensitivity to testing-effects. I assumed that learners who did not acquire the relevant knowledge in the learning phase could acquire useful knowledge by taking the knowledge test, which could have led to a better transfer performance which is not due to the learning method but caused by learning from taking the knowledge test. The procedure subjects had to follow included a learning phase in which they explored the structure of the simulation aiming at knowledge acquisition. After the learning phase, subjects first had to fill in the four-item questionnaire on self-efficacy before they performed 18 transfer tasks. The transfer tasks were separated into two blocks (consisting of nine control tasks each) by a 30-minute break. In four experimental groups (EG), 117 students and apprentices performed the learning phase (28 female participants), the 18 control tasks and the knowledge test. As said before, the knowledge test was applied at the end because of its sensitivity to additional learning effects caused by filling in the knowledge test. In four control groups (CG), 98 students and apprentices performed the knowledge test directly after the learning phase, without working on the transfer task (four female participants). The EGs took about 2-2. 5 hours and the CG about 1. 5 hours to finish the experiment. Both groups (EGs and CGs) were asked to take notes during the learning phase. Subjects were randomly assigned to the EGs and CGs, nonetheless ensuring that the same number of students and apprentices were in each group. The Simulation-Based Learning Environment The computer-based simulation ColorSim, which we had developed for our experimental research previously, was used in two different variants. The simulation is based on the work by Funke (1993) and simulates a small chemical plant to produce colors for later subsequent processing and treatment such as dyeing fabrics. The task is to produce a given amount of colors in a predefined number of steps (nine steps). To avoid the uncontrolled influence of prior knowledge, the structure of the plant simulation cannot be derived from prior knowledge of a certain domain, but has to be learned by all subjects. ColorSim contains three endogenous variables (termed green, black, and yellow) and three exogenous variables (termed x, y, and z ). Figure 1 illustrates the ColorSim screen. Subjects control the simulation step by step (in contrast to a real time running continuous control). The predefined goal states of each color have to be reached by step nine. Subjects enter values for x, y, and z within the range of 0-100. There is no time limit for the transfer tasks. During the transfer tasks, the subjects have to reach defined system states for green (e. g. , 500), black (e. g. , 990), and yellow (e. g. , 125) and/or try to keep the variable values as close as possible to the values defined as goal states. Subjects are instructed to reach the defined system states at the end of a multi-step process of nine steps. The task for the subjects was first to explore or learn about the simulated system (to find out the causal links between the system variables), and then to control the endogenous variables by means of the exogenous variables with respect to a set of given goal states. With respect to the empirical evidence of Funke (2001) and Strau? (1995), the theoretical concept for the variation in complexity is based on Woods’ (1986) theoretical arguments that complexity depends on an increasing number of relations between a stable number of (in this case six) variables (three input, three output: for details of the construction rational and empirical evidence see Kluge, 2004, and Kluge, in press, see Table 1). To meet reliability requirements, subjects had to complete several trials in the transfer task. For each of the 18 control tasks a predefined correct solution exists, to which the subjects’ solutions could be compared. In addition, knowledge acquisition and knowledge application phases were separated. The procedure for the development of a valid and reliable knowledge test is described in the next section. Different methods have been developed to provide learners with support to effectively learn from using simulations. De Jong and van Joolingen (1998) categorize these into five groups: 1. Direct access to domain knowledge, which means that learners should know something about the field or subject beforehand, if discovery learning is to be fruitful. 2. Support for hypothesis generation, which means learners are offered elements of hypotheses that they have to assemble themselves. 3. Support for the design of experiments, e. g. , by providing hints like â€Å"It is wise to vary only one variable at a time† 4. Support for making predictions, e. g. , by giving learners a graphic tool in which they can draw a curve that gives predictions at three levels of precision: as numerical data, as a drawn graph, and as an area in which the graph would be located. 5. Support for regulative learning processes: e. g. , by introducing model progression, which means that the model is introduced gradually, and by providing planning support, which means freeing learners from the necessity of making decisions and thus helping them to manage the learning process. In addition, regulative processes can be supported by leading the learner through different stages, like â€Å"Before doing the experiment . . . ,† â€Å"Now do the experiment,† â€Å"After doing the experiment. . . .† Altogether, empirical findings and theoretical assumptions have so far led to the conclusion that experiential learning needs additional support to enhance knowledge acquisition and transfer. Target Population and Participant Selection: In the introductory part, I mentioned that there were two sub groups in the sample which I see as different target groups for using simulation-based learning environments. Subjects were for the most part recruited from the technical departments of a Technical University (Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electronics, Information Technology as well as apprentices from the vocational training programs in mechanics

Plastic Pollution and the Effects on Human Health Essay -- Ecology

Where does all the plastic go. Every bit of plastic that has been created is still here. This is because plastic is one-hundred percent non-biodegradable! Even the most degraded plastic down to polymers cannot be digested by bacteria (Laist, 1997). If global issues like starvation and climate change are not enough to stress on, the weight of an issue literally churning in the Pacific Ocean is startling. For decades the majority of the world’s population has not been properly educated on the nature of plastic and the potential harm it can do to our environment and our physical health. Due to factors of man and the natural effects of nature, a major problem has developed that is now harming our food. Marine plastic is a visible sign of human impact on the marine environment. Plastic debris is more than an aesthetic problem. It can potentially cause danger to marine organisms through ingestion and entanglement (Laist, 1997). There’s so much plastic out there that it’s starting to compete as a food source for many different organisms. Plastic eventually breaks down into food size pieces and is mistaken for food by many organisms. They mistake the plastic particles for plankton. The public has a desire for certain types of fish which happen to have an accumulation of different toxins in their body. This happens when those larger fish species eat large amounts of smaller fish and other organisms that feed off the plankton-plastic mixture. Plastics are toxins can de-absorb out from the plastic and into the tissue and organs of the fish that are eating those smaller fish. The toxins move up the food chain becoming dangerously concentrated. Decades ago the number of marin e mammals that died each year due to ingestion and entanglement ap... ..., J., and M. Moran. 2009. Comparative day/night metatranscriptomic analysis of microbial communities in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Environmental Microbiology. 1-18. http://www.fao.org/focus/e/fisheries/consum.htm Corno, G., Karl, D., Church, M., Letelier, R., Lukas, R., Bidigare, R., and M. Abbott. 2007. Impact of climate forcing on ecosystem processes in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Journal of Geophysical Research. (112) 1-14. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Chemicals Programme: www.chem.unep.ch United States Department of State, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs: http://www.state.gov/e/oes/ Ritter L; Solomon KR, Forget J, Stemeroff M, O'Leary C.. "Persistent organic pollutants". United Nations Environment Programme. http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/ritter/en/ritteren.pdf. Retrieved 2012-02-16.

Mid-Term Break and On My First Sonne Comparison Essay

Discuss the ways in which these poets explore the universal themes of grief and loss. (Seamus Heaney’s ‘Mid-Term Break’ and Ben Johnson’s ‘On My First Sonne’. In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the two poems ‘Mid-Term Break’ by Seamus Heaney and ‘On My First Sonne’ by Ben Johnson. I will be focusing on their elegaic qualities aswell as their universal themes of grief and loss. ‘Mid-Term Break’ is about the aftermath of Seamus Heaney’s 4 year old brother’s tragic death and how his family and friends express their emotions and cope with the sudden loss. Whereas the 17th Century poet, Ben Johnson is writing to express his sorrow for the death of his 7 year old son dealing with his feelings of loss rather than thinking about the reasons for the death or the effects of this on the rest of the family. These are the intended effects they both have which I will be exploring and I shall be outlining reasons for this aswell in the rest of this essay including the interesting poetic devices and structure Ben Johnson and Seamus Heaney use and how they are similar and different from each other. ‘On My First Sonne’ was published on the year 1616 and is therefore more religiously based as at that time life was dominated by religious views. ‘Mid-Term Break’ was published in the 1980s so this will help me analyse the views of the 20th Century in comparison to the 17th Century and this is a main area I will be focusing on after an in-depth analysis of the intended effects of these poets when writing their poems. ‘On My First Sonne’ has a different intended effect overall in comparison to ‘Mid-Term Break’. One of the main reasons for this is that Ben Johnson is writing as a literal attempt to reach out to his son to say his final farewell with lines such as ‘Rest in soft peace, and, ask’d, say here doth lye’ which makes it seem that Johnson is communicating with his son. Seamus Heaney’s poem is more of a narrative describing what happened on the day of his four year old brother’s sudden death. In my opinion it seems as if Seamus Heaney is sharing his experience with other people who may have suffered in the same way and is exploring the emotions of more than just his own. To exemplify this point, on lines 4 and 5 it says ‘I met my father crying – He had always taken funerals in his stride.’ This contrasts between ‘On My First Sonne’ and ‘Mid-Term Break’ on two levels, the first being that Ben Johnson has only included his own feelings in this poem such as on line 2 which says ‘My sinne was too much hope of thee, lov’d boy’ This has the effect that his poem is private between him and his son and is like a one-sided conversation. Whereas ‘Mid-Term Break’ has a different intended audience altogether, I know this because the style of Heaney’s poem is a first-person point of view in the format of a story and there are more emotions and feelings described including his parents and family members’ aswell as friends. By analysing the poetic voice and intent I can confidently make an opinion that ‘Mid-Term Break’ elegizes Heaney’s loss of his brother and ‘On My First Sonne’ is a lamentation for the loss of Johnson’s son. Both poets explore the themes of grief and loss in their poems. An example of the emotions of grief in ‘Mid-Term Break’ can be explained by line 4 which identifies the many elements he has incorporated in a subtle and in this case a distinct manner which says ‘I met my father crying’, this blatantly shows the mourning of a close family member. But this feature does not appear in ‘On My First Sonne’, not only that he has not described anyone’s feelings other than his own but he does not show expressions of grief in such a blunt form as in Heaney’s poem. Johnson has described in line 5, ‘O, could I loose all father, now. For why’, that he has intense grief and is questioning faith for why it happened to him. But the abrupt features account for the theme of loss in each poem aswell which is similarly very open in ‘Mid-Term Break’ leaving nothing to the imagination, it paints a full picture of the scene in line 16, saying ‘Snowdrops and candles soothed the bedside I saw him for the first time in six weeks. Paler now,’ this tells the reader the loss that everyone suffered and a place of mourn was set up for a long time in Heaney’s brother’s old room. Also, the themes of loss do not only reflect on what family members and friends suffered. It suggests the loss of a childhood in two forms, Heaney and his brother. The reason being that obviously a child has passed away, but Heaney had to act very mature and throw away his child-like naivety to be told the horrible truth and to cope with the situation. I know this because it says ‘When I came in, I was embarrassed by old men standing up to shake my hand’ which is on lines 8 and 9, he was uncomfortable with the maturity and attention he had to face and so shows embarrassment when he had to deal with people in a mature manner. On the other hand, ‘On My First Sonne’ does not fully show the reader that Johnson has encountered loss but with such lines as ‘Seven yeeres tho’ wert lent to me, and I thee pay,’ (line 3) it tells the reader that he has had seven years of joy with his son and relates it to ‘borrowed’ time that was paid back to god, subtly including his religious views which dominated the era of the 1600s. The themes of grief and loss are overall shown in a more distinct manner in Heaney’s poem whereas Ben Johnson has mainly kept these descriptions more subtle and suggestive. There is a highly effective word, ‘father’, that in context of line 3 ‘could I loose all father, now’ is a great example to the religious as opposed to secular world of the 17th century as it has two meanings; the first is that father is another name for God, Christianity was the dominant religion and is a very dramatic word even in the 21st Century for religious believers as he is questioning his faith for why God has bestowed a horrible life-changing experience against him. In other words, he is saying ‘could I lose all faith, now’. The other meaning for ‘father’ is that Johnson had lost his son and status as a parent. Alternatively, in Seamus Heaney’s poem he has used next to no religious suggestions and phrases at all. Instead, he has entered a mainly secular approach with sentences that have hidden meanings such as ‘The baby cooed and laughed and rocked the pram’ which represents the care-free, naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve life of a child. Each poem has a completely different structure from one another; the first factor I can clearly see is the layout of the stanzas which in ‘Mid-Term Break’ has a clear 3 line pattern. But underneath this outline shows enjambment from stanzas 3 to 5 which is very effective in linking the stanzas together. This technique is used probably to tell a story of what happened when he went into his home on the first day home from college since his brother had died and is effective at creating a scene as it wasn’t limited to 3 lines in a stanza. ‘On My First Sonne’ is entirely different altogether in the fact that the full poem has only one stanza which is 12 lines long but is similar in a way that it isn’t limited to a number of lines in separate stanzas. A small factor I can also see is the final line in ‘Mid-Term Break’ which has a great effect in compelling the reader to make up their minds on how he was feeling in an eerie final sentence. In terms of the language choice he has used in my opinion he is expressing anger by using the dramatic metaphor ‘A four foot box, a foot for every year’ which means that his brother was only four years old. Ben Johnson has included a dramatic sentence that represents the bad influences and effects the world has on a child and that his son has escaped it in line 7 which says ‘To have soon scap’d worlds and fleshes rage’, this represents that he has escaped evil and temptation (In the Lord’s Prayer). Overall, my opinion on these two poems is that Seamus Heaney’s ‘Mid-Term Break’ and Ben Johnson’s ‘On My First Sonne’ although similar in representing the themes of grief and loss, are two very different poems in factors such as their intended audiences and religious / secular views. The structure of the poems are very different in stanzas and grammar (Because of era when published) and both of the poems do explore the themes in a similar way but for different intended purposes.

Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

Published in 1885, Mark Twain’s American classic, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, captured the both the hearts and hatred of its audience. While some view it as a masterpiece that successfully blended the American condition in a captivating and interesting manner, others observe it to be nothing more than racist trash. The latter is a shallow misunderstanding of the novel’s purpose and potential enlightening impact on its readers. From a more appreciative and open-minded perspective, one would easily witness how Mark Twain’s novel has the makings of a transcendence over all American works, and is the most essential read, one that truly embodies the framework of America. It continues to succeed other works because of its innovative†¦show more content†¦According to Huck, â€Å"what you want, above all things, on a raft, is for everybody to be satisfied, and feel right and kind towards the others† (Twain 115). The raft remains a place of safety and freedom for Huck and Jim while on their journey. Alone on their raft, they do not have to answer to anyone, and â€Å"[They] said there warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft† (107). These words precede the chapter that begins with a focus on the glorification of life on the raft in beautiful language that mirrors Huck and Jim’s desire to escape the trouble and violence that characterizes life on shore. This peaceful image of floating freely on the seemingly boundless Mississippi River is interrupted by the Duke and the King, a pair of con men whom Huck and Jim rescue as they are being run out of a river town. As they spend more time on the raft, Huck and Jim become increasingly uncomfortable. The Duke and the King are products of society that invade Huck and Jim’s free-flowing lifestyle on the river and whose frequent scam s and cons force Huck and Jim to spend more time on land, removing them from their safe haven. The damage and uprooting the Duke and the King could do to theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1742 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twains classic novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, tells the story of a teenaged misfit who finds himself floating on a raft down the MississippiRead More The Outcast in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn641 Words   |  3 PagesOutcast in Huckleberry Finn nbsp; One of the themes that has been addressed by writers since the beginning of civilization is the issue of the split between living in society and living by oneself. 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